Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Secured Cryptographic Key Generation from Multimodal Biometrics: Feature Level Fusion of Fingerprint and Iris

A. Jagadeesan, T. Thillaikkarasi, Dr. K. Duraiswamy

Abstract


Human users have a tough time remembering long cryptographic keys. Hence, researchers, for so long, have been examining ways to utilize biometric features of the user instead of a memorable password or passphrase, in an effort to generate strong and repeatable cryptographic keys. Our objective is to incorporate the volatility of the user's biometric features into the generated key, so as to make the key ungues sable to an attacker lacking significant knowledge of the user's biometrics. We go one step further trying to incorporate multiple biometric modalities into cryptographic key generation so as to provide better security. In this article, we propose an efficient approach based on multimodal biometrics (Iris and fingerprint) for generation of secure cryptographic key. The proposed approach is composed of three modules namely, 1) Feature extraction, 2) Multimodal biometric template generation and 3) Cryptographic key generation. Initially, the features, minutiae points and texture properties are extracted from the fingerprint and iris images respectively. Subsequently, the extracted features are fused together at the feature level to construct the multi-biometric template. Finally, a 256-bit secure cryptographic key is generated from the multi-biometric template. For experimentation, we have employed the fingerprint images obtained from publicly available sources and the iris images from CASIA Iris Database. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Keywords


Biometrics, Multimodal, Fingerprint, Minutiae points, Iris, Rubber Sheet Model, Fusion, Segmentation, Cryptographic key, Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Automation (CASIA) iris database.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Arun Ross and Anil K. Jain, "Multimodal Biometrics: An Overview", in proceedings of the 12th European Signal Processing Conference, pp. 1221-1224, 2004.

Richard A. Wasniowski, "Using Data Fusion for Biometric Verification", in Proceedings of World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 5, April 2005.

Parvathi Ambalakat, "Security of Biometric Authentication Systems", in proceedings of 21st Computer Science Seminar, 2005.

A.K. Jain and A. Ross, “Multi-biometric systems: special issue on multimodal interfaces that flex, adapt, and persist”, Communications of the ACM, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 34–40, 2004.

L. Hong, A.K. Jain and S. Pankanti, “Can multibiometrics improve performance?”, in Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Automatic Identification Advanced Technologies, pp. 59–64, NJ, USA, 1999.

Anil Jain, Karthik Nandakumar and Arun Ross, “Score normalization in multimodal biometric systems”, Pattern Recognition, vol. 38, pp. 2270 – 2285, 2005.

Eren Camlikaya, Alisher Kholmatov and Berrin Yanikoglu, "Multi-biometric Templates Using Fingerprint and Voice", Biometric technology for human identification, Vol. 6944, no5, pp: 1-9, Orlando FL, 2008.

R. Wang and B. Bhanu, “Performance prediction for multimodal biometrics”, In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Pattern Recognition, pp. 586-589, 2006.

X. Jing, Y. Yao, D. Zhang, J. Yang, and M. Li. “Face and palm print pixel level fusion and Kernel DCV-RBF classifier for small sample biometric recognition”, Pattern Recognition, vol. 40, no.11, pp. 3209-3224, 2007.

T. Zhang, X. Li, D. Tao, and J. Yang, “Multi-modal biometrics using geometry preserving projections”, Pattern Recognition, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 805-813, 2008.

Yan Yan and Yu-Jin Zhang, “Multimodal Biometrics Fusion Using Correlation Filter Bank", in proceedings of 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, pp. 1-4, Tampa, FL, 2008.

Arun Ross and Rohin Govindarajan, "Feature Level Fusion in Biometric Systems", in proceedings of Biometric Consortium Conference (BCC), September 2004.

Umut Uludag, Sharath Pankanti, Salil Prabhakar, Anil K.Jain, “Biometric Cryptosystems Issues and Challenges”, in Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 92, pp. 948-960, 2004.

P.Arul, Dr.A.Shanmugam, "Generate a Key for AES Using Biometric for VOIP Network Security", Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, vol. 5, no.2, 2009.

Muhammad Khurram Khan and Jiashu Zhang, "Multimodal face and fingerprint biometrics authentication on space-limited tokens", Neurocomputing, vol. 71, pp. 3026-3031, August 2008.

Kornelije Rabuzin and Miroslav Baca and Mirko Malekovic, "A Multimodal Biometric System Implemented within an Active Database Management System", Journal of software, vol. 2, no. 4, October 2007.

M Baca and K. Rabuzin, “Biometrics in Network Security”, in Proceedings of the XXVIII International Convention MIPRO 2005, pp. 205-210 , Rijeka,2005.

N. Lalithamani and K.P. Soman, "Irrevocable Cryptographic Key Generation from Cancelable Fingerprint Templates: An Enhanced and Effective Scheme", European Journal of Scientific Research, vol.31, no.3, pp.372-387, 2009.

A. Goh and D.C.L. Ngo, “Computation of cryptographic keys from face biometrics”, International Federation for Information Processing 2003, Springer-Verlag, LNCS 2828, pp. 1–13, 2003.

F. Hao, C.W. Chan, “Private Key generation from on-line handwritten signatures”, Information Management & Computer Security, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 159–164, 2002.

Chen, B. and Chandran, V., "Biometric Based Cryptographic Key Generation from Faces", in proceedings of 9th Biennial Conference of the Australian Pattern Recognition Society on Digital Image Computing Techniques and Applications, pp. 394 - 401, December 2007.

N. Lalithamani and Dr. K.P. Soman, “An Effective Scheme for Generating Irrevocable Cryptographic Key from Cancelable Fingerprint Templates”, International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, vol. 9, no.3, March 2009.

Jang-Hee Yoo, Jong-Gook Ko, Sung-Uk Jung, Yun-Su Chung, Ki-Hyun Kim, Ki-Young Moon, and Kyoil Chung, "Design of an Embedded Multimodal Biometric System", ETRI-Information Security Research Division, 2007.

Nageshkumar.M, Mahesh.PK and M.N. Shanmukha Swamy, “An Efficient Secure Multimodal Biometric Fusion Using Palmprint and Face Image”, IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 2, 2009.

A.M. Bazen and S.H. Gerez, "Systematic methods for the computation of the directional fields and singular points of fingerprints", IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 24, no.7, pp.905–919, 2002.

Yi Wang, Jiankun Hu and Fengling Han, "Enhanced gradient-based algorithm for the estimation of fingerprint orientation fields", Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 185, pp.823–833, 2007.

Jinwei Gu and Jie Zhou, “A Novel Model for Orientation Field of Fingerprints”, in Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, vol.2, 2003.

Keokanlaya Sihalath, Somsak Choomchuay, Shatoshi Wada and Kazuhiko Hamamoto, “ Performance Evaluation Of Field Smoothing Filters”, in Proceedings of 2th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering (BMEiCON-2009), Phuket, Thailand, August 2009.

D. Maltoni, D. Maio, A. K. Jain, and s. Prabhakar, Handbook of Fingerprint Recognition, Springer-Verlag, 2003.

L. Hong, Y.Wan, and AI. Jain, "Fingerprint Image Enhancement: Algorithm and Performance Evaluation," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 777-789, August 1998.

Feng Hao, Ross Anderson and John Daugman, "Combining Crypto with Biometrics Effectively", IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 55, no. 9, pp. 1081 - 1088, September 2006.

Balasubramanian.K and Babu. P, "Extracting Minutiae from Fingerprint Images using Image Inversion and Bi-Histogram Equalization", Proceedings of SPIT-IEEE Colloquium and International Conference, Mumbai, India.

M. Sepasian, W. Balachandran and C. Mares, "Image Enhancement for Fingerprint Minutiae-Based Algorithms Using CLAHE, Standard Deviation Analysis and Sliding Neighborhood", in Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2008, San Francisco, USA, October 2008.

Sharat Chikkerur, Alexander N. Cartwright and Venu Govindaraju, "Fingerprint enhancement using STFT analysis", Pattern Recognition, vol. 40, no.1, pp. 198-211, 2007.

Greenberg, S. Aladjem, M. Kogan, D and Dimitrov, I, “Fingerprint image enhancement using filtering techniques” in Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, vol.32, pp. 322-325, Barcelona, Spain, 2000.

L. Lam, S. W. Lee, and C. Y. Suen, “Thinning Methodologies-A Comprehensive Survey”, IEEE Transactions on Pattern analysis and machine intelligence, vol. 14, no. 9, 1992.

Debnath Bhattacharyya, Poulami Das,Samir Kumar Bandyopadhyay and Tai-hoon Kim, "IRIS Texture Analysis and Feature Extraction for Biometric Pattern Recognition", International Journal of Database Theory and Application, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 53-60, December 2008.

J. Daugman, “Statistical Richness of Visual Phase Information: Update on Recognizing Persons by Iris Patterns,” International Journal of Computer Vision, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 25-38, 2001.

S. Uma Maheswari, P. Anbalagan and T.Priya, “ Efficient Iris Recognition through Improvement in Iris Segmentation Algorithm”, International Journal on Graphics, Vision and Image Processing, vol. 8, no.2, pp. 29-35, 2008.

John Daugman, “How Iris Recognition Works”, in Proceedings of International Conference on Image Processing, vol.1, pp. I-33- I-36, 2002.

David J. Field, "Relations between the statistics of natural images and the response properties of cortical cells", Journal of the Optical Society of America, vol. 4, no. 12, 1987.

Beng. A, Jin Teoh and Kar-Ann Toh, "Secure biometric-key generation with biometric helper”, in proceedings of 3rd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, pp.2145-2150, Singapore, June 2008.

Sanaul Hoque, Michael Fairhurst and Gareth Howells, "Evaluating Biometric Encryption Key Generation Using Handwritten Signatures", in Proceedings of the 2008 Bio-inspired, Learning and Intelligent Systems for Security, pp.17-22, 2008.

Gang Zheng, Wanqing Li and Ce Zhan, "Cryptographic Key Generation from Biometric Data Using Lattice Mapping", in Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, vol.4, pp. 513 - 516, 2006.

Tianhao Zhang, Xuelong Li, Dacheng Tao and Jie Yang, "Multimodal biometrics using geometry preserving projections", Pattern Recognition, vol. 41 , no. 3, pp. 805-813, March 2008.

Donald E. Maurer and John P. Baker, "Fusing multimodal biometrics with quality estimates via a Bayesian belief network", Pattern Recognition, vol. 41 , no. 3, pp. 821-832, March 2008.

Muhammad Khurram Khana and Jiashu Zhanga, "Multimodal face and fingerprint biometrics authentication on space-limited tokens", Neurocomputing, vol. 71, no. 13-15, pp.3026-3031, August 2008.

Yan Yan and Yu-Jin Zhang , "Multimodal biometrics fusion using Correlation Filter Bank", in proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, pp. 1-4,Tampa, FL, 2008.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.